Contact dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

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Study for the NBEO Ocular Disease Part 1 Test. Use flashcards and multiple choice questions, each with hints and explanations, to prepare for your exam! Get ready for your success!

Multiple Choice

Contact dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Explanation:
Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction driven by T cells rather than antibodies. When a skin allergen acts as a hapten and binds to skin proteins, Langerhans cells present this complex to T cells, which become sensitized. On re-exposure, these memory T cells release cytokines that recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells, leading to the dermatitis that typically appears 24–72 hours after contact. This cell-mediated, delayed response distinguishes it from immediate IgE-mediated reactions (Type 1), antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (Type 2), and immune complex–mediated reactions (Type 3). Hence, contact dermatitis is Type 4.

Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction driven by T cells rather than antibodies. When a skin allergen acts as a hapten and binds to skin proteins, Langerhans cells present this complex to T cells, which become sensitized. On re-exposure, these memory T cells release cytokines that recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells, leading to the dermatitis that typically appears 24–72 hours after contact. This cell-mediated, delayed response distinguishes it from immediate IgE-mediated reactions (Type 1), antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (Type 2), and immune complex–mediated reactions (Type 3). Hence, contact dermatitis is Type 4.

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