In recurrent corneal erosions, which adhesion structure mediates epithelial attachment to the basement membrane?

• A. Desmosomes
• B. Tight Junctions
• C. Hemidesmosomes
• D. Gap Junctions

Answer: (C)

Hemidesmosomes are the adhesion structures that anchor the basal epithelial cell to the basement membrane. They form a half-desmosome at the base of the epithelial cells and connect the cell’s intermediate filaments to laminin and other basement membrane components via integrins (notably alpha6beta4) and linker proteins like BP230 and plectin. This strong attachment keeps the epithelium firmly attached to the basement membrane, which is crucial for a smooth, resilient corneal surface. In recurrent corneal erosions, this adhesion is compromised, so the epithelium can detach with minor trauma, producing recurrent erosions as the surface repeatedly heals and re-adheres. Desmosomes link cells to each other, tight junctions seal between cells, and gap junctions enable intercellular communication, none of which attach the epithelium to the basement membrane.